What's Metal core PCB?

A simple Metal core PCB (MCPCB) has 3 layers ― the copper circuit layer, the thermally conductive dielectric layer, and the metal core base layer. These three layers are then laminated together. The lamination technique bonds the three layers, providing a path for the heat to dissipate.

Metal Core Layer
This layer can be made out of aluminum, copper, or steel. Aluminum is commonly selected due to its cost, weight and thermal characteristics. Typical thickness for aluminum is 1.0mm to 3.2mm, and typical aluminum alloys used are: AL6061, AL5052, AL1370, AL770, and AL710. In some cases where the heat dissipation takes priority over cost, copper is used for the base layer. Typically a heat sink is attached to the metal base to further dissipate heat away from the components.

Dielectric Layer
The dielectric layer is the most important layer in the MCPCB because it must maintain electronic insulation while also being thermally conductive. The dielectric's thickness plays an important role because it must be thick enough so the copper circuit does not short out, yet thin enough to maintain high thermal performance. The typical thickness of this layer is between .075mm to .2mm (.003” - .008”). Thicker or thinner layers can be used depending on voltage and current.

Copper Circuit Layer
This layer is a traditional PCB circuit. The thickness can be anywhere between 35µm to 350µm (1 - 6oz/ft2). A green or black solder mask coating covers the entire board to protect the circuit. A thicker copper layer can be used if the circuit requires higher current flow.